Inhalants
The substances that may be posing the greatest danger to adolescents these days are not sold in back alleys by drug pushers, but at the local hardware store and commonly found in home. Inhalants are breathable chemical vapors that produce mind-altering effects. A variety of common products contain substances that can be inhaled. Many people do not think that products such as spray paints, nail polish remover, hair spray, glues, and cleaning fluids present any risk of abuse, because their intoxicating effects are unconnected to their intended uses. Young people are likely to abuse inhalants because they are readily available and inexpensive. Inhalants fall into several categories:
- volatile solvents, including paint thinner, gasoline, correction fluid, and glue;
- aerosols, including hair spray, vegetable oil spray, and fabric protector spray;
- gases, including ether, butane, propane, refrigerants; and
- nitrates, including cyclohesoyl, nitrite, acunyl nitrite, butyl nitrite.
A Real Danger
The use of inhalants is deadly serious. Reports of deaths of first-time users are common. Only alcohol use kills more youth. Nearly all abused inhalants produce effects similar to anesthetics, which act to slow down the body's functions. Sniffing highly concentrated amounts of chemicals in solvents or aerosol sprays can directly cause heart failure and death. The inhaled chemicals displace oxygen from the lungs and from the central nervous system, suffocating the user or causing lasting brain damage.
Other irreversible effects from inhalants include hearing loss, limb spasms, central nervous system or brain damage, and bone marrow damage. Serious, but potentially reversible effects, include liver and kidney damage, and blood oxygen depletion.
Warning Signs
Using inhalants is called huffing, sniffing, snorting, or bagging. The most common way to use them is to spray or pour the chemicals into a plastic bag and then place the open end of the bag over the mouth and nose. Signs that someone is using inhalants include a drunken appearance - slurred speech, loss of coordination, and bloodshot eyes. The user has trouble concentrating or paying attention. Many of the symptoms imitate the flu.
The person, the person's breath, or the person's clothing may smell of the chemical. Some of the chemicals act as appetite suppressants, causing weight loss. There may be sores or rashes around the mouth and nose. There may be paint or other stains on the face, hands, or clothing.
Persons suspected of inhalant abuse require immediate medical treatment.
Additional Information
For additional information on inhalant abuse, visit the websites of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIDA (www.drugabuse.org), the National Clearinghouse on Alcohol and Drug Information, NCADI (www.health.org), and Missouri's prevention website (www.missouriprevention.org).
For more information,contact the
Missouri Department of Mental Health, Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse
P.O. Box 687, 1706 East Elm
Jefferson City, MO 65102
573-751-4942
1-800-364-9687
